Bone fractures in dogs and cats are usually see and we concern with those in the clinic. Usually, fractures occur after a traumatic accident such as being hit by a car or falling from a height, some fractures occur following pathological bone weakening, which is seen with some neoplastic conditions such as osteosarcoma. The main goals of fracture stabilization; Immobilization of broken parts, quick repair of the damaged bone, return of primary mobility, full function and stability to weight bearing of the bruise limb. All INTERNAL and external FIXATION methods that allow significant intersegmental motion under weight bearing are considered flexible FIXATION. The best important point in the stabilization of fractures is that a possibility of repair, that is, the blood supply to the place is maintained and the FIXATION is not so tight that it leads to a delay in bone fusion. Open FIXATION and INTERNAL FIXATION have been used to restore bone anatomy and original mobility and to overcome the limitations encountered when treating fractures with skeletal traction or cast immobilization. The main goal of INTERNAL FIXATION is to achieve rapid and, if possible, full function of the affected limb with rapid rehabilitation of the patient. The selection of the INTERNAL FIXATION method is based on the classification of the fracture, break bone, synchronize injuries, open fracture, and of course the forces that are neutralized by the FIXATION method. INTERNAL stabilization implants are made of stainless steel and include; There are intramedullary pins, orthopedic wire, plates and screws.

Background: Perilunate fracture dislocation (PLFD) and perilunate dislocation (PLD) are wrist injuries, which are commonlymissed. Meanwhile, the delay in the treatment of these injuries is leading to a more complicated situation. One of the acceptabletreatments for old cases is open reduction and INTERNAL FIXATION. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the mid-term results of open reduction and INTERNAL FIXATION (ORIF) treatmentfor old unreduced perilunate injury that had been unreduced and untreated for a minimum of 6 weeks after injury. Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 12 patients with old PLFD and PLD, untreated for a minimum of 6 weeks after injury, were treatedby ORIF. A retrospective review was performed with a minimum 12 months of follow-up. During the final follow up visit, the patientswere evaluated for pain, range of motion, and grip strength. TheMAYO wrist score was used for functional assessment. The patientswere assessed using a validated Persian questionnaire Quick DASH score. Radiological outcomes were classified using the Herzbergclassification. Results: All of patients were males with a mean age of 25 years (18 to 32 years). Perilunate Fracture Dislocation injury was found in 7cases and PLD in 5 cases. Mean time from injury to surgery was 14. 3 weeks (6 to 26 weeks) and mean follow-up after the surgery was33. 5 months (12 to 60 months). The mean MAYO wrist score was 77. 5 (55 to 85). According to the Mayo wrist score, 42% of patients(5 patients) had good, 50% (6 patients) had satisfactory, and 8% (1 patient) had poor results. The active range of flexion-extensionaveraged 107. 5° (range 80 to 155° ), and grip strength averaged 84% (range 53% to 100%) of the intact extremity. According to theHerzberg classification, 5 (42%) patients were radiologically located in group A and 7 (58%) in group B. Patients’ satisfaction ratebased on the Persian Quick DASH score had an average of 12. 5. Conclusions: Open reduction and INTERNAL FIXATION is an appropriate treatment with acceptable functional and clinical results inold unreduced perilunate injuries up to 6 months after trauma.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of our experience in open reduction and INTERNAL FIXATION of fractures of calcaneus.Methods: In a quasi experimental study, 20 patients with mean age of 35.5 years (15-69 years) with calcaneus fracture- grade II and III- underwent surgery with open reduction and FIXATION in a 5-year period in a training hospital in Tehran-Iran. The patients' profile, Bohler and Gysan angles before and after surgery were measured and statistically analyzed.Results: Post surgery Bohler and Gysan angles showed significant improvement (p=.000). Open surgery with INTERNAL FIXATION contributed to improving the angles. The questionnaire with a 4-6 months follow-up showed that the average American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and Food Function Index (FFI) score was good or excellent in 80% and fair in 20%. Overall, 7 patients had complications after surgery, which were controlled successfully painted patients have had good results after surgery.Conclusion: The results of calcaneus fractures treated with open reduction INTERNAL FIXATION surgery have a positive effect and are in line with previous studies.

Background: The pelvic ring fractures (PRF) and acetabular fractures (AF) are among the major orthopedic injuries associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Open surgical stabilization is the standard treatment for the majority of these complications. Percutaneous minimally invasive surgical stabilization of the fractures has become an accepted treatment method for the past several years. This study investigated the outcomes of percutaneous FIXATION of pelvic and acetabular fractures. Methods: Totally, 143 patients with PRF or AF of whom 95 cases were males underwent percutaneous FIXATION between February 2015 and September 2016. All the operations were performed by a single surgeon in a supine position and under C-arm fluoroscopy visualization. The patients were followed up for one year. Results: All the fractures healed in all of the patients within the first postoperative three months. The patients could bear weight completely on both lower limbs. Out of 143 patients, 133 cases could get back to their preoperative work (93%). The mean amount of intraoperative blood loss was 29± 19 cc. Of the total patients, seven cases required oral analgesics because of moderate pain (4. 9%). The means of operation time and length of incision were 32± 8 min and 3. 2± 2. 4 cm, respectively. There was one screw back out and one deep infection. No neurovascular injury was reported in this study. Conclusion: Closed reduction and percutaneous minimally invasive screw FIXATION for a pelvic ring or acetabular fractures is a useful surgical treatment option with low complication rates.

INTERNAL FIXATION of bone fracture is acommonmethod in the surgical treatment of fracture in long bones (1). Bridging the broken bone as well as obtaining a rigid FIXATION plays an essential role in proper healing (1). Several instruments can help orthopedic surgeons to preserve the alignment in an anatomical condition. Once the reduction is done, it can be maintained by INTERNAL FIXATION through the application of plate, screw, or other implants to recreate the normal anatomy of the fractured bone (1, 2). This study presents a new bone reduction clamp for easy insertion of the plate during INTERNAL FIXATION...

Background: Displaced fractures of radius and ulna bones in adults are usually treated with open reduction and INTERNAL FIXATION. The purpose of this research was to access functional outcome of these fractures.Materials and Methods: In this research 52 Patients who underwent ORIF with DCP 3.5 in past 5 years were investigated. Post- operation protocol was one week immobilization and then active elbow and forearm motion and then muscle strengthening after 2 months. The patients were followed for 18 months and were assessed clinically for forearm and wrist ROM & grip strength & functionally with DASH questionnaire.Findings: Pronation of the affected forearm by comparison with supination of unaffected forearm was reduced. Wrist and elbow flexion and extension were the same. Grip strength was reduced compared with unaffected limb. DASH questionnaire demonstrated high patient satisfaction.Conclusion: Anatomic reduction and INTERNAL FIXATION is the standard method for treatment of fractures by displacing radios and ulna in adults. According to results, it seems more intension to motions specially pronation and muscle strengthening foream after surgery will have affect on improving patients’ function specially pronation and Grip strength.

A 19-year-old woman came to our clinic with a femoral neck fracture (Figure 1). What is your stepwise approach to choose the appropriate treatment, i. e., INTERNAL FIXATION or arthroplasty? Hip fracture is considered a global public health issue, as nearly 1. 5 million hip fractures occur worldwide annually. It is anticipated that 3. 9 million hip fractures will occur worldwide in 2050 per year, more than 700, 000 of which will be in the United States (US). Hip fractures in the elderly are associated with diminished mobility, conspicuous loss of independence, increased morbidity, and mortality (1). Therefore, hip fractures are a public health concern, particularly with the aging population, and must be surveyed and treated accurately...